MPhil vs PhD: Which Research Degree Should You Choose in 2025?

Confused between MPhil and PhD? Understand the key differences in duration, research scope, career outcomes, and relevance in 2025.  

Both M Phil and PhD are very advanced academic qualifications which are pursued after attaining a masters level degree in the subject. Both fulfil different objectives which must be understood to choose the right one. An MPhil is a postgraduate degree with a research concentration that serves as a springboard for a PhD or a job in academia or research-related fields. It typically lasts one to two years and calls for a dissertation that draws from previous studies. A PhD, on the other hand, is a doctorate programme, the highest academic qualification that involves original research, comprehensive study, and the defense of a thesis. It educates students for specialized professional employment, research, and academia and might take three to six years. The decision between the two should be based on one’s career goals, research interest, and willingness to commit to long-term research. This article provides a detailed comparison of MPhil and PhD to help prospective students make an informed decision.

• What is an MPhil?
• What is a PhD?
• Key Differences Between MPhil and PhD
• How to Choose Between an MPhil and a PhD?
• Top 20 Universities in India for MPhil and PhD Programs
• Is MPhil Still Relevant in 2025?

What is an MPhil?

Meaning and Definition

A Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a highly specialized postgraduate research degree. It serves as a link between a master’s and a doctoral degree. With a small amount of classroom and directed study, the MPhil program mostly emphasizes independent research. It is typically a shorter and less extensive research program compared to a PhD. 

Key Features of an MPhil Degree

• Duration: Usually one to two years for full-time students, or more for part-time students.
• Research Scope: Compared to a PhD, the research is not as thorough. A certain facet of a topic is the main emphasis.
• Dissertation Length: Usually between 20,000 and 50,000 words, shorter than a PhD thesis.
• Research Level: Intermediate; not as thorough as a PhD.
• financing: Limited financing sources compared to a PhD.
• Career Opportunities: Teaching, publishing, research assistants, and roles in think tanks, NGOs, and content creation. 

MPhil Eligibility Criteria

The requirements for admission to an MPhil program can vary depending on the university. However, there are some general eligibility criteria that applicants must meet:

• Educational Qualification: Candidates should have a master’s degree in a relevant subject from a recognized university.
• Minimum Marks: Many institutions require a minimum of 55% marks in post-graduation for admission to an MPhil program.
• Additional Requirements: Some universities may have specific conditions, such as qualifying entrance exams or admission interviews.

Since they can differ, it is crucial to confirm the precise qualifying requirements of the university where you plan to apply. An MPhil may also be a requirement for admission to a PhD program at some universities. 

What is a PhD?

Meaning and Definition

A doctor of philosophy, or PhD, is the highest degree of intellectual achievement. It entails novel study that advances a certain field’s understanding. A PhD necessitates a more thorough investigation that usually culminates in a thesis or dissertation that presents novel insights into a subject, in contrast to an MPhil, which is frequently seen as a preliminary research degree. 

Key Features of a PhD Degree

• Duration: Typically 3-6 years (full-time), longer for part-time students.
• Research Depth: Highly intensive and specialized research.
• Thesis Length: Generally 60,000 to 100,000 words.
• Funding: More funding options, including university scholarships, research grants, and teaching assistantships.
• Career Opportunities: University professor, research scientist, industry expert, policy advisor, and more.

PhD Eligibility Criteria

To pursue a PhD program, candidates must have completed a master’s degree in a relevant field that aligns with their intended area of research. While many universities accept direct admission from postgraduate courses, some institutions require candidates to first obtain an MPhil degree before enrolling in a PhD program.

Additionally, certain universities mandate qualifying exams for PhD admission:

• UGC NET Qualification: Some institutions consider candidates eligible for a PhD only if they have cleared the UGC NET (National Eligibility Test).
• GATE Score for Engineering: Those interested in pursuing a PhD in Engineering may need to secure a valid GATE score for admission.

Candidates need to check the specific eligibility criteria of their desired universities before applying.

Key Differences Between MPhil and PhD

How to Choose Between an MPhil and a PhD?

If you are considering a research career but are unsure whether to pursue an MPhil or a PhD, ask yourself the following questions:

1. What is your professional objective? An MPhil is a fantastic choice if you want a shorter study program to gauge your interest in academics or investigate a particular subject without committing to a full-fledged PhD. A PhD is a superior option if you want to work in research, academia, or policy development.
2. How much time are you able to devote? A PhD is the best option if you have three to six years to dedicate to in-depth study. An MPhil is a viable substitute, nevertheless, if you would rather have a shorter academic path while still conducting research.
3. What is the state of your finances? While MPhil programs usually provide fewer financial assistance choices, PhD programs frequently offer more fellowships, assistantships, and scholarships. 
4. Do you want to contribute new knowledge? If you are passionate about original research and want to create new theories or significant findings, a PhD will suit you better. An MPhil, on the other hand, focuses more on reviewing existing research.
5. Do you want to teach or work in industry? MPhil graduates can find jobs as lecturers, researchers, content writers, or editors. PhD graduates are more likely to become professors, lead researchers, consultants, or work in high-level positions in organizations.

 

Top 20 Universities in India for MPhil and PhD Programs

Is MPhil Still Relevant in 2025?

The relevance of an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) degree in 2025 has been widely debated. With the discontinuation of MPhil in India under NEP 2020, many students are questioning its value. In several countries, MPhil still acts as a research-based master’s degree and a stepping stone to a PhD.

However, with most universities allowing direct admission to PhD programs after a master’s degree, the importance of MPhil is decreasing. Career-wise, an MPhil can be useful for those who prefer research without committing to a PhD. It also benefits professionals in academia, publishing, and policy research.

While MPhil is losing its significance in India, it remains valuable in global universities. If a PhD is your goal, direct admission after a master’s may be a more efficient route in 2025.

Conclusion

While both the MPhil and the PhD are esteemed research degrees, their functions are distinct. For individuals seeking a short-term research degree that allows them to learn more deeply without requiring years of dedication, an MPhil is a great choice. For students who wish to investigate academic research before committing to a full-fledged PhD, it is perfect.

A PhD, on the other hand, is for people who want to specialize and innovate. It boasts of better employment opportunities in academics, research, and professional domains around the world.

Choosing between an MPhil and a PhD depends on your career goals, research interests, and available resources. If you are passionate about research and long-term academic work, a PhD is the best path. However, if you want to gain research experience for a shorter period or enhance your career prospects in writing, education, or consultancy, an MPhil is a good choice.

Before making a decision, research the admission requirements, funding opportunities, and job prospects. Your passion for research, long-term goals, and available resources should guide your choice between an MPhil and a PhD. Whatever you choose, both degrees offer unique opportunities for career growth and knowledge advancement.